This Malthusian and Ricardian model of growth and its limits led Carlyle to characterize economics as the "dismal science".

这个马尔萨斯和李嘉图增长模型及其局限性使得卡莱尔把经济学标为“悲观的科学”。

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The second type of model is the real business cycle model (Ricardian model). This is a model that assumes Ricardian equivalence.

第二类模型是真实经济周期模型，即李嘉图模型，其理论前提是李嘉图等价。

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